What is biometrics and how is it used in security?


Biometrics are biological measurements — or physical features — that can be used to identify individuals. Fingerprint mapping, facial recognition, and retina scanning are all examples of biometric technology, although they are only the most well-known. Researchers suggest that the shape of an ear, the way a person sits and walks, distinct body odours, veins in one's hands, and even facial contortions are all unique identifiers. These characteristics help to define biometrics.

Three Types of Biometrics Security:

While biometrics have additional applications, they are most commonly utilised in security, and they can be classified into three types:

  • Biological biometrics
  • Morphological biometrics
  • Behavioral biometrics
Biological biometrics make use of genetic and molecular properties. These may include characteristics such as DNA or blood, which may be analyzed using a sample of your body's fluids.

Morphological biometrics are concerned with the structure of your body. More bodily characteristics, such as your eye, fingerprint, or face shape, can be mapped for use with security scanners.

Behavioral biometrics are based on patterns that are unique to each individual. If these patterns are recorded, how you move, speak, or even type on a keyboard can reveal your identity.

Biometric identity is becoming increasingly important in our daily security. Even in the case of twins, physical traits are largely constant and individualized. The unique biometric identity of each individual can be used to replace or supplement password systems for computers, phones, and restricted access rooms and buildings. After obtaining and mapping biometric data, it is saved to be matched with subsequent attempts at access. This data is usually encrypted and saved on the device or on a remote server.

Biometric scanners are pieces of hardware used to acquire biometric data for identification verification. These scans compare the saved database to permit or deny system access.

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